Njira Yoyeretsera Mafuta Odyera: Kuchotsa Madzi

Degumming mu chomera choyenga mafuta ndikuchotsa zinyalala za chingamu mumafuta osapsa ndi njira zakuthupi kapena zamankhwala, ndipo ndi gawo loyamba pakuyenga / kuyeretsa mafuta.Pambuyo popondereza ndi kutulutsa zosungunulira mumbewu zamafuta, mafuta amafuta amakhala ndi ma triglycerides ndi ochepa omwe si triglyceride.Zomwe sizili za triglyceride kuphatikizapo phospholipids, mapuloteni, phlegmatic ndi shuga zimatha kuchita ndi triglycerides kupanga colloid, yomwe imadziwika kuti zonyansa za chingamu.

Zonyansa za chingamu sizimangokhudza kukhazikika kwa mafuta komanso zimakhudzanso momwe ntchito yoyeretsera mafuta imapangidwira komanso kukonza kwambiri.Mwachitsanzo, mafuta opanda degummed ndi osavuta kupanga mafuta opangidwa ndi emulsified mu njira yoyenga ya alkaline, motero amawonjezera kuvutika kwa ntchito, kutaya mafuta oyenga, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zothandizira;mu decolorization ndondomeko, sanali degummed mafuta kuonjezera kumwa adsorbent ndi kuchepetsa discoloring bwino.Chifukwa chake, kuchotsa chingamu ndikofunikira ngati gawo loyamba pakuyenga mafuta musanafewetse acidity, kuchotsedwa kwamafuta, ndi kununkhira kwamafuta.

Njira zenizeni zochotsera degumming ndi monga hydrated degumming (water degumming), asidi refining degumming, njira yoyenga za alkali, njira yotsatsira, electropolymerization ndi njira yotentha ya polymerization.Mu ndondomeko yoyenga mafuta, njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi hydrated degumming, yomwe imatha kuchotsa phospholipids ya hydratable ndi ma phospholipids omwe si a hydrate, pamene ma phospholipids otsala omwe sali hydrate amafunika kuchotsedwa ndi asidi refining degumming.

1. Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito hydrated degumming (water degumming)
Mafuta opangidwa kuchokera ku zosungunulira zosungunulira amakhala ndi zinthu zosungunulira m'madzi, zomwe zimakhala ndi phospholipids, zomwe zimafunika kuchotsedwa mumafuta kuti mpweya uzikhala wocheperako komanso kukhazikika panthawi yoyendetsa mafuta komanso kusungirako nthawi yayitali.Zonyansa za chingamu monga phospholipids zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a hydrophilic.Choyamba, mutha kusonkhezera ndikuwonjezera madzi otentha kapena njira yamadzi ya electrolyte monga mchere & phosphoric acid kumafuta otentha osapsa.Pambuyo pa nthawi inayake, zonyansa za chingamu zimafupikitsidwa, kuchepetsedwa ndi kuchotsedwa m'mafuta.Mu hydrated degumming ndondomeko, zonyansa makamaka phospholipid, komanso mapuloteni ochepa, glyceryl diglyceride, ndi mucilage.Kuphatikiza apo, chingamu chochotsedwacho chimatha kusinthidwa kukhala lecithin ngati chakudya, chakudya cha ziweto kapena ntchito zaukadaulo.

2. Njira ya hydrated degumming (madzi a degumming)
Njira yochepetsera madzi imaphatikizapo kuwonjezera madzi kumafuta osakanizika, kuthira zinthu zomwe zimasungunuka m'madzi, kenako ndikuchotsa ambiri mwa iwo kudzera pakulekanitsa kwa centrifugal.Gawo lowala pambuyo pa kulekana kwa centrifugal ndi mafuta a degummed opanda mafuta, ndipo gawo lolemera pambuyo pa kulekana kwa centrifugal ndi kuphatikiza kwa madzi, zigawo zosungunuka m'madzi ndi mafuta ophatikizidwa, omwe amatchedwa "gums".Mafuta a degummed osakhwima amawumitsidwa ndikuzizidwa asanatumizidwe kumalo osungira.M'kamwa amaponyedwanso ku chakudya.

Pafakitale yoyenga mafuta, makina a hydrated degumming amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi makina ochotsera mafuta, makina ochotsera utoto, ndi makina ochotsera fungo, ndipo makinawa ndi omwe amapanga mzere wopanga mafuta.Mzere woyeretsa umagawidwa kukhala mtundu wapakati, mtundu wopitilira, komanso mtundu wopitilira.Makasitomala atha kusankha mtundu malinga ndi kuthekera kwawo kopanga: fakitale yokhala ndi mphamvu yopangira 1-10t patsiku ndiyoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamtundu wapakatikati, 20-50t patsiku fakitale ndiyoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamtundu wopitilira, kupanga. kuposa 50t patsiku ndi oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zida zonse mosalekeza mtundu.Mtundu womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi mzere wa intermittent hydrated degumming.